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Number Theory
These problems delve into prime and composite numbers, factors, multiples, and other properties of numbers.

Some of these problems are also in the following subcategories:

Related Resources
Interactive resources from our Math Tools project:
   Math 4: Number Theory
The closest match in our Ask Dr. Math archives:
   Elementary Number Sense/About Numbers
NCTM Standards:
   Number and Operations Standard for Grades 3-5

Access to these problems requires a Membership.

Anderson's Pumpkin Patch - Teaching the Young Learner Group and Lisa Lavelle
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 2. How many students are there in Ms. Juncos's fourth grade class? ... more>>

Birthday Probability - Kristina Lasher & Lisa Lavelle
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 3. What is the likelihood that someone is born on an even or odd day of the month? Are you more likely to be born on a prime number day or a multiple of 3? ... more>>

Building Bouquets - Amanda Knott and the Western Oregon University Mentors
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 2. Help Jana determine how to divide her extra flowers for the flower shop special. ... more>>

The Chocolate Allergy Revelation - Antiquity (Steve Earth)
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 5. Use meta-reasoning to deduce the ages of three people based on a product, a sum, and a seemingly irrelevant third piece of information. ... more>>

Cicada Circus - Kristina Lasher and special thanks to John Cooley
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 2. Use the table of information about periodical cicadas to figure out when the next time is that there will be three years in a row without an emergence. ... more>>

Crack the Code - Christi Sather and Kristina Lasher
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 2. Help Christi use the clues to figure out which code will unlock the vault. ... more>>

Five Digits of Fun - Lisa Lavelle
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 4. Find a five-digit number based on these clues. ... more>>

Football Fanfare - Suzanne Alejandre and Kristina Lasher
teacher support active Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 1. The students in the pep club are designing a "card stunt" for the halftime show for the next football game. What are the possible seating arrangements they can use? ... more>>

Four Playful Mathematicians - inspired by Maria Fung's class at Western Oregon
teacher support Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 2. Follow the clues to help the four playful mathematicians return the lost watch. ... more>>

I Like to Palindrive! - Kristina Lasher
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 3. How many palindromic numbers will appear on Kristina's odometer in October, 2003? ... more>>

In Their Prime - Claire Mead
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 2. Use the clues about multiples and primes to figure out how old Jonathan and Hazel are. ... more>>

A Jar of Coins - Claire Mead
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 2. Use fraction clues to discover how many pennies, nickels, dimes and quarters I have in my jar. ... more>>

Jellybean Fractions - Lisa Lavelle
teacher support active problem Elementary, difficulty level 2. Determine good and bad choices in playing the Jellybean Fractions Game. ... more>>

Jellybean Rectangles - Lisa Lavelle
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 3. Have fun figuring out strategy in the Jellybean Rectangle game. ... more>>

Marble Mayhem - Claire Mead
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 2. What quantity of marbles can get divided equally among four, five and then six players, and yet always have one marble left over? ... more>>

Monmouth Mountain Bikes - Kristina Lasher
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 1. How many mountain bikes will have the highest level of safety testing? ... more>>

Nova Scotia Quilt - Claire Mead
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 3. Use the area of a rectangular bed quilt to determine its dimensions. ... more>>

Odd (and Even) Dates - Lisa Lavelle
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 1. Can you figure out these curious dates? ... more>>

Odds vs. Evens - Kristina Lasher
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 3. Can Jerome and Kiya use what they know about probability to make their games fair? ... more>>

Peanut Butter and Jelly - Lisa Lavelle
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 3. How many sandwiches can we make before using up a package of bread and jars of jelly and peanut butter at the same time? ... more>>

Pondering Palindromes - Mary DeYoung & class
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 1. Explore 4-digit palindromes and find something else they have in common. ... more>>

Puzzling Puzzle Pieces - Lisa Lavelle
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 2. Explore the ways 108 puzzle pieces can be arranged. ... more>>

Rabbit's Run - Lisa Lavelle
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 1. Help Regina develop options for building her rabbit's run. ... more>>

Set a Date - Lisa Lavelle (with help from Judy Ann Brown)
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 3. Explore an interesting detail about a given date, and find six more dates with the same quality. ... more>>

Sharing Birthdays - Claire Mead
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 2. How old will Alana be when her mother is three times Alana's age? ... more>>

Summer Shoe Leftovers - Teaching the Young Learner Group
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 4. Determine which of the leftover shoes might satisfy three shoppers' needs. ... more>>

Tangrams - Claire Mead
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 2. Discover some of the relationships among the pieces in a set of Tangrams. ... more>>

Wooden Legs - Claire Mead
teacher support active problem Math Fundamentals, difficulty level 2. How many different ways can Wendy use 31 legs to build wooden dollhouse furniture? ... more>>

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