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Topic: Singular
Replies: 4   Last Post: Jan 16, 2006 1:52 AM

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Torkel Franzen

Posts: 2,185
Registered: 12/6/04
Re: Singular
Posted: Jan 15, 2006 10:38 AM
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Dick Barends <dick.barends@wxs.nl> writes:

> Can anybody Tell me why the word "singular" is being used for a matrix
> that can not be inverted.


We learn from the very informative site

http://members.aol.com/jeff570/mathword.html

that the term was first used in 1907:

SINGULAR MATRIX. Singular matrix and non-singular matrix occur in 1907
in Introduction to Higher Algebra by Maxime Bôcher: "Definition 2. A
square matrix is said to be singular if its determinant is zero."

As for why this word was chosen, a German Wikipedia entry explains:

Das Adjektiv singulär bedeutet einzigartig entweder global - das
Singuläre existiert nirgendwo ein zweites Mal - oder lokal - das
Singuläre existiert in seiner näheren Umgebung kein zweites Mal,
unterscheidet sich also punktuell von seiner Umgebung.

In der Mathematik ist eine Matrix singulär, wenn ihre Determinante
null ist. Jede beliebig dicht benachbarte Wertekombination weist diese
Eigenschaft nicht mehr auf, die Matrix ist also in ihrer näheren
Umgebung "einzigartig".

Locally, a non-invertible matrix is "singular" in that neighboring
matrices are invertible.



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